[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"disease-index":3,"disease-18":121,"navigation-categories":769,"navigation-categories-fr":887},{"data":4,"meta":117},[5,11,17,23,28,34,40,46,52,58,64,70,76,82,88,94,100,106,111],{"id":6,"attributes":7},4,{"title":8,"title_en":9,"slug_en":10},"Hernie discale lombaire","Lumbar Disc Herniation","lumbar-disc-herniation",{"id":12,"attributes":13},5,{"title":14,"title_en":15,"slug_en":16},"Prothèse totale de hanche ","Total Hip Replacement","total-hip-replacement",{"id":18,"attributes":19},7,{"title":20,"title_en":21,"slug_en":22},"ménisque","Meniscus","meniscus",{"id":24,"attributes":25},8,{"title":26,"title_en":26,"slug_en":27},"Hallux Valgus","hallux-valgus",{"id":29,"attributes":30},16,{"title":31,"title_en":32,"slug_en":33},"Pathologie dégénérative cheville","Degenerative Ankle Disease","degenerative-ankle-disease",{"id":35,"attributes":36},20,{"title":37,"title_en":38,"slug_en":39},"Prothèse épaule","Shoulder Replacement","shoulder-replacement",{"id":41,"attributes":42},19,{"title":43,"title_en":44,"slug_en":45},"Pathologies de la coiffe des rotateurs ","Rotator Cuff Disorders","rotator-cuff-disorders",{"id":47,"attributes":48},18,{"title":49,"title_en":50,"slug_en":51},"Rupture du tendon d'Achille","Achilles Tendon Rupture","achilles-tendon-rupture",{"id":53,"attributes":54},9,{"title":55,"title_en":56,"slug_en":57},"Le névrome de Morton ","Morton's neuroma","morton-s-neuroma",{"id":59,"attributes":60},22,{"title":61,"title_en":62,"slug_en":63},"L’instabilité d’épaule","Shoulder Instability","shoulder-instability",{"id":65,"attributes":66},23,{"title":67,"title_en":68,"slug_en":69},"Capsulite rétractile","Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)","adhesive-capsulitis-frozen-shoulder",{"id":71,"attributes":72},11,{"title":73,"title_en":74,"slug_en":75},"La Pathologie Ligamentaire","Ligament Pathology","ligament-pathology",{"id":77,"attributes":78},17,{"title":79,"title_en":80,"slug_en":81},"La prothèse totale de genou ","Total Knee Replacement","total-knee-replacement",{"id":83,"attributes":84},24,{"title":85,"title_en":86,"slug_en":87},"Principes de rééducations ","Principles of rehabilitation","principles-of-rehabilitation",{"id":89,"attributes":90},14,{"title":91,"title_en":92,"slug_en":93},"Pathologie de la Rotule","Patellar Disorders","patellar-disorders",{"id":95,"attributes":96},21,{"title":97,"title_en":98,"slug_en":99},"Fracture épaule","Shoulder Fracture","shoulder-fracture",{"id":101,"attributes":102},15,{"title":103,"title_en":104,"slug_en":105},"Pathologie ligamentaire cheville","Ankle Ligament Pathology","ankle-ligament-pathology",{"id":107,"attributes":108},6,{"title":109,"title_en":110,"slug_en":110},"coxarthrose ","coxarthrosis",{"id":112,"attributes":113},10,{"title":114,"title_en":115,"slug_en":116},"Griffes d’orteils et métatarsalgies ","Toe claws and metatarsalgia","toe-claws-and-metatarsalgia",{"pagination":118},{"page":119,"pageSize":120,"pageCount":119,"total":41},1,100,{"data":122,"meta":768},{"id":47,"attributes":123},{"title":49,"content":124,"createdAt":460,"updatedAt":461,"publishedAt":462,"summary":142,"seoTitle":142,"seoDescription":142,"author":142,"reviewedBy":142,"medicalReviewer":142,"medicalReviewedAt":142,"associatedAnatomy":142,"title_en":50,"slug_en":51,"summary_en":142,"seoTitle_en":142,"seoDescription_en":142,"content_en":463,"associatedAnatomy_en":142,"ogImage":754,"pathologie_par_articulation":755,"sources":763,"relatedSurgeries":764,"possibleTreatments":766,"signsOrSymptoms":767},[125,131,181,185,189,192,197,201,204,208,212,216,219,222,225,228,231,234,237,240,244,248,252,256,259,263,266,270,273,277,280,284,287,291,294,298,302,306,310,314,318,321,325,328,332,336,339,343,347,351,354,357,360,364,367,370,373,376,379,383,386,390,393,396,399,402,406,410,413,416,420,424,428,431,435,439,442,445,448,451,454,457],{"type":126,"children":127},"paragraph",[128],{"text":129,"type":130},"La rupture du tendon d'Achille est une blessure fréquente, particulièrement chez les adultes actifs et sportifs. Il s'agit d'une déchirure partielle ou totale du tendon situé à l'arrière de la cheville, qui relie le muscle du mollet à l'os du talon. Cette blessure survient souvent lors d’un mouvement brusque ou d'une activité physique intense, comme un saut ou un changement rapide de direction. L'une des solutions chirurgicales couramment proposées et la plus Fiable  pour traiter cette rupture est la suture à ciel ouvert.","text",{"type":132,"image":133,"children":178},"image",{"ext":134,"url":135,"hash":136,"mime":137,"name":138,"size":139,"width":140,"height":141,"caption":142,"formats":143,"provider":176,"createdAt":177,"updatedAt":177,"previewUrl":142,"alternativeText":138,"provider_metadata":142},".jpg","https:\u002F\u002Flircos.org\u002Fapi\u002Fuploads\u002Frupture_tendon_achille_2_85987c2a86.jpg","rupture_tendon_achille_2_85987c2a86","image\u002Fjpeg","rupture tendon achille 2.jpg",462.45,4220,3200,null,{"large":144,"small":152,"medium":160,"thumbnail":168},{"ext":134,"url":145,"hash":146,"mime":137,"name":147,"path":142,"size":148,"width":149,"height":150,"sizeInBytes":151},"\u002Fuploads\u002Flarge_rupture_tendon_achille_2_85987c2a86.jpg","large_rupture_tendon_achille_2_85987c2a86","large_rupture tendon achille 2.jpg",63.82,1000,758,63820,{"ext":134,"url":153,"hash":154,"mime":137,"name":155,"path":142,"size":156,"width":157,"height":158,"sizeInBytes":159},"\u002Fuploads\u002Fsmall_rupture_tendon_achille_2_85987c2a86.jpg","small_rupture_tendon_achille_2_85987c2a86","small_rupture tendon achille 2.jpg",23.01,500,379,23012,{"ext":134,"url":161,"hash":162,"mime":137,"name":163,"path":142,"size":164,"width":165,"height":166,"sizeInBytes":167},"\u002Fuploads\u002Fmedium_rupture_tendon_achille_2_85987c2a86.jpg","medium_rupture_tendon_achille_2_85987c2a86","medium_rupture tendon achille 2.jpg",42.29,750,569,42289,{"ext":134,"url":169,"hash":170,"mime":137,"name":171,"path":142,"size":172,"width":173,"height":174,"sizeInBytes":175},"\u002Fuploads\u002Fthumbnail_rupture_tendon_achille_2_85987c2a86.jpg","thumbnail_rupture_tendon_achille_2_85987c2a86","thumbnail_rupture tendon achille 2.jpg",6.63,206,156,6630,"local","2024-10-13T10:27:21.571Z",[179],{"text":180,"type":130},"",{"type":126,"children":182},[183],{"text":184,"type":130},"Qu'est-ce que la suture à ciel ouvert ?",{"type":126,"children":186},[187],{"text":188,"type":130},"La suture à ciel ouvert est une technique chirurgicale où une incision est pratiquée sur la peau, permettant au chirurgien d'avoir accès directement au tendon d'Achille pour le réparer. Contrairement aux méthodes mini-invasives, cette approche permet une vision plus directe de la zone lésée, ce qui peut faciliter la précision de la suture et assurer une meilleure solidité de la réparation.",{"type":126,"children":190},[191],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":193,"level":6,"children":194},"heading",[195],{"text":196,"type":130},"Pourquoi opter pour la suture à ciel ouvert ?",{"type":126,"children":198},[199],{"text":200,"type":130},"La décision de procéder à une suture à ciel ouvert dépend de plusieurs facteurs, tels que :",{"type":126,"children":202},[203],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":205},[206],{"text":207,"type":130},"La gravité de la rupture : Lorsque le tendon est entièrement rompu, cette méthode permet une meilleure réparation, surtout si les extrémités du tendon sont éloignées l'une de l'autre.",{"type":126,"children":209},[210],{"text":211,"type":130},"La condition du patient : cette technique s'adresse aux patients sportif et en bon état général, on l' évitera chez les patients agés  et diabétiques",{"type":126,"children":213},[214],{"text":215,"type":130}," La rupture du tendon d'Achille est une blessure fréquente, particulièrement chez les adultes actifs et sportifs. Il s'agit d'une déchirure partielle ou totale du tendon situé à l'arrière de la cheville, qui relie le muscle du mollet à l'os du talon. Cette blessure survient souvent lors d’un mouvement brusque ou d'une activité physique intense, comme un saut ou un changement rapide de direction. L'une des solutions chirurgicales couramment proposées pour traiter cette rupture est la suture à ciel ouvert.",{"type":126,"children":217},[218],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":220},[221],{"text":184,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":223},[224],{"text":188,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":226},[227],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":229},[230],{"text":196,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":232},[233],{"text":200,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":235},[236],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":238},[239],{"text":207,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":241},[242],{"text":243,"type":130},"La condition du patient : Pour certaines personnes, en particulier celles qui ont un risque accru de complications (fumeurs, diabétiques, etc.), une suture à ciel ouvert offre un meilleur contrôle de la situation.",{"type":126,"children":245},[246],{"text":247,"type":130},"Les préférences du chirurgien : Certains chirurgiens préfèrent cette technique pour sa visibilité et sa précision.",{"type":126,"children":249},[250],{"text":251,"type":130},"Le déroulement de l’intervention en chirurgie ambulatoire",{"type":126,"children":253},[254],{"text":255,"type":130},"La suture à ciel ouvert du tendon d'Achille peut être réalisée en chirurgie ambulatoire, ce qui signifie que le patient n’a pas besoin de passer la nuit à l’hôpital. Voici comment se déroule généralement l’intervention :",{"type":126,"children":257},[258],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":260},[261],{"text":262,"type":130},"Anesthésie : Une anesthésie loco-régionale (anesthésie autour de la jambe) ou générale est administrée pour garantir que le patient ne ressente aucune douleur durant l'opération.",{"type":126,"children":264},[265],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":267},[268],{"text":269,"type":130},"Incision : Le chirurgien effectue une incision à l’arrière de la cheville pour accéder au tendon rompu.",{"type":126,"children":271},[272],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":274},[275],{"text":276,"type":130},"Suture du tendon : Les deux extrémités du tendon sont rapprochées et suturées ensemble avec des fils spéciaux résistants pour assurer une bonne solidité de la réparation.",{"type":126,"children":278},[279],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":281},[282],{"text":283,"type":130},"Fermeture de la plaie : Une fois la suture réalisée, la peau est refermée à l'aide de points ou de colle chirurgicale.",{"type":126,"children":285},[286],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":288},[289],{"text":290,"type":130},"Immobilisation : Après l’intervention, la cheville est immobilisée avec une botte ou un plâtre pour permettre la cicatrisation du tendon.",{"type":126,"children":292},[293],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":295},[296],{"text":297,"type":130},"Les avantages de la chirurgie ambulatoire",{"type":126,"children":299},[300],{"text":301,"type":130},"Opter pour une suture à ciel ouvert en chirurgie ambulatoire présente plusieurs avantages :",{"type":126,"children":303},[304],{"text":305,"type":130},".",{"type":126,"children":307},[308],{"text":309,"type":130},"Confort : Revenir chez soi rapidement favorise un rétablissement dans un environnement familier, souvent plus reposant.",{"type":126,"children":311},[312],{"text":313,"type":130},"Récupération après l’opération",{"type":126,"children":315},[316],{"text":317,"type":130},"La rééducation est une étape essentielle du processus de guérison après une rupture du tendon d'Achille. Une immobilisation d’environ six semaines est souvent nécessaire, suivie de séances de rééducation pour retrouver la force et la souplesse du tendon et des muscles environnants.",{"type":126,"children":319},[320],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":322},[323],{"text":324,"type":130},"Les premières semaines nécessitent une prudence particulière, car toute sollicitation prématurée du tendon peut entraîner une nouvelle rupture. La reprise des activités sportives est généralement possible après 4 à 6 mois, en fonction de l’évolution de la guérison.",{"type":126,"children":326},[327],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":329},[330],{"text":331,"type":130},"Risques et complications possibles",{"type":126,"children":333},[334],{"text":335,"type":130},"Comme toute intervention chirurgicale, la suture à ciel ouvert présente certains risques, bien qu’ils soient rares. Les complications potentielles incluent :",{"type":126,"children":337},[338],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":340},[341],{"text":342,"type":130},"Infection : Comme avec toute incision, il existe un risque d'infection, bien que ce risque soit réduit avec des soins appropriés.",{"type":126,"children":344},[345],{"text":346,"type":130},"Problèmes de cicatrisation : Certains patients peuvent éprouver des difficultés à cicatriser, en particulier s'ils ont des antécédents médicaux complexes.",{"type":126,"children":348},[349],{"text":350,"type":130},"Thrombose veineuse : La formation de caillots sanguins est un risque potentiel, particulièrement si la mobilité est réduite après l’intervention.",{"type":193,"level":6,"children":352},[353],{"text":251,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":355},[356],{"text":255,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":358},[359],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":361},[362],{"text":363,"type":130},"Anesthésie : Une anesthésie loco-régionale (anesthésie autour de la jambe) ou générale est administrée pour garantir que le patient ne ressente pratiquement  aucune douleur durant l'opération.",{"type":126,"children":365},[366],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":368},[369],{"text":269,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":371},[372],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":374},[375],{"text":276,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":377},[378],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":380},[381],{"text":382,"type":130},"Fermeture de la plaie : Une fois la suture réalisée, la peau est refermée très soigneusement  à l'aide de points séparés avec un fil à résorption lente utilisé en chirurgie esthétique ",{"type":126,"children":384},[385],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":387},[388],{"text":389,"type":130},"Immobilisation : Après l’intervention, la cheville est immobilisée avec un botte amovible donc on peut   régler l'inclinaison",{"type":126,"children":391},[392],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":394},[395],{"text":297,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":397},[398],{"text":301,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":400},[401],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":403},[404],{"text":405,"type":130},"Récupération rapide : Le patient peut rentrer chez lui le jour même de l’opération.",{"type":126,"children":407},[408],{"text":409,"type":130}," C'est indéniablement la technique la plus fiable avec un taux de rupture inférieure à 2 % alors qu'il est autour de 10 % en chirurgie percutanée et de 20 % après un traitement orthopédique",{"type":126,"children":411},[412],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":414},[415],{"text":313,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":417},[418],{"text":419,"type":130},"La rééducation est une étape essentielle du processus de guérison après une rupture du tendon d'Achille. Une immobilisation de six semaines est  nécessaire.",{"type":126,"children":421},[422],{"text":423,"type":130}," À l'issue l'appui est autorisé sans bottes sous couvert de talonnettes de taille progressivement décroissante sur 6 semaines également",{"type":126,"children":425},[426],{"text":427,"type":130}," la rééducation est débuté à la sortie de la botte donc à J45",{"type":126,"children":429},[430],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":432},[433],{"text":434,"type":130},"Les premières semaines nécessitent une prudence particulière, car toute sollicitation prématurée du tendon peut entraîner une nouvelle rupture. Il convient d'être particulièrement vigilant durant la phase de cicatrisation et observer de longues périodes de repos avec le pied à l'horizontal durant les 15 jours post-opératoire pour éviter toute souffrance de la peau",{"type":126,"children":436},[437],{"text":438,"type":130},"La reprise des activités sportives est généralement possible  à 6 mois, en fonction de l’évolution de la guérison.",{"type":126,"children":440},[441],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":443},[444],{"text":331,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":446},[447],{"text":335,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":449},[450],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":452},[453],{"text":342,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":455},[456],{"text":346,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":458},[459],{"text":350,"type":130},"2024-10-13T10:26:03.853Z","2024-10-19T13:52:26.988Z","2024-10-13T10:40:16.630Z",[464,468,477,481,485,488,492,496,499,503,507,511,514,517,520,523,526,529,532,535,539,543,547,551,554,558,561,565,568,572,575,579,582,586,589,593,597,600,604,608,612,615,619,622,626,630,633,637,641,645,648,651,654,658,661,664,667,670,673,677,680,684,687,690,693,696,700,704,707,710,714,718,722,725,729,733,736,739,742,745,748,751],{"type":126,"children":465},[466],{"text":467,"type":130},"Achilles tendon rupture is a common injury, particularly among active and athletic adults. This is a partial or complete tear of the tendon at the back of the ankle, which connects the calf muscle to the heel bone. This injury often occurs during a sudden movement or intense physical activity, such as jumping or a rapid change of direction. One of the commonly proposed and most reliable surgical solutions to treat this rupture is open suture.",{"type":132,"image":469,"children":475},{"ext":134,"url":135,"hash":136,"mime":137,"name":138,"size":139,"width":140,"height":141,"caption":142,"formats":470,"provider":176,"createdAt":177,"updatedAt":177,"previewUrl":142,"alternativeText":138,"provider_metadata":142},{"large":471,"small":472,"medium":473,"thumbnail":474},{"ext":134,"url":145,"hash":146,"mime":137,"name":147,"path":142,"size":148,"width":149,"height":150,"sizeInBytes":151},{"ext":134,"url":153,"hash":154,"mime":137,"name":155,"path":142,"size":156,"width":157,"height":158,"sizeInBytes":159},{"ext":134,"url":161,"hash":162,"mime":137,"name":163,"path":142,"size":164,"width":165,"height":166,"sizeInBytes":167},{"ext":134,"url":169,"hash":170,"mime":137,"name":171,"path":142,"size":172,"width":173,"height":174,"sizeInBytes":175},[476],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":478},[479],{"text":480,"type":130},"What is open suturing?",{"type":126,"children":482},[483],{"text":484,"type":130},"Open suturing is a surgical technique where an incision is made in the skin, allowing the surgeon to have direct access to the Achilles tendon to repair it. Unlike minimally invasive methods, this approach allows a more direct view of the injured area, which can facilitate the precision of the suture and ensure better strength of the repair.",{"type":126,"children":486},[487],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":193,"level":6,"children":489},[490],{"text":491,"type":130},"Why choose open suture?",{"type":126,"children":493},[494],{"text":495,"type":130},"The decision to proceed with open suturing depends on several factors, such as:",{"type":126,"children":497},[498],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":500},[501],{"text":502,"type":130},"The severity of the rupture: When the tendon is completely ruptured, this method allows for better repair, especially if the ends of the tendon are far apart.",{"type":126,"children":504},[505],{"text":506,"type":130},"The condition of the patient: this technique is intended for athletic patients and in good general condition; it should be avoided in elderly and diabetic patients.",{"type":126,"children":508},[509],{"text":510,"type":130},"Achilles tendon rupture is a common injury, particularly among active and athletic adults. This is a partial or complete tear of the tendon at the back of the ankle, which connects the calf muscle to the heel bone. This injury often occurs during a sudden movement or intense physical activity, such as jumping or a rapid change of direction. One of the surgical solutions commonly proposed to treat this rupture is open suture.",{"type":126,"children":512},[513],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":515},[516],{"text":480,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":518},[519],{"text":484,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":521},[522],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":524},[525],{"text":491,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":527},[528],{"text":495,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":530},[531],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":533},[534],{"text":502,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":536},[537],{"text":538,"type":130},"The patient's condition: For some people, especially those who have an increased risk of complications (smokers, diabetics, etc.), an open suture offers better control of the situation.",{"type":126,"children":540},[541],{"text":542,"type":130},"Surgeon preferences: Some surgeons prefer this technique for its visibility and precision.",{"type":126,"children":544},[545],{"text":546,"type":130},"The procedure for outpatient surgery",{"type":126,"children":548},[549],{"text":550,"type":130},"Open suture of the Achilles tendon can be performed as an outpatient surgery, meaning the patient does not need to stay overnight in hospital. Here is how the procedure generally takes place:",{"type":126,"children":552},[553],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":555},[556],{"text":557,"type":130},"Anesthesia: Regional anesthesia (anesthesia around the leg) or general anesthesia is administered to ensure that the patient does not feel any pain during the operation.",{"type":126,"children":559},[560],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":562},[563],{"text":564,"type":130},"Incision: The surgeon makes an incision at the back of the ankle to access the ruptured tendon.",{"type":126,"children":566},[567],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":569},[570],{"text":571,"type":130},"Suturing the tendon: The two ends of the tendon are brought together and sutured together with special strong threads to ensure good strength of the repair.",{"type":126,"children":573},[574],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":576},[577],{"text":578,"type":130},"Closure of the wound: Once the suture is made, the skin is closed using stitches or surgical glue.",{"type":126,"children":580},[581],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":583},[584],{"text":585,"type":130},"Immobilization: After the procedure, the ankle is immobilized with a boot or a cast to allow the tendon to heal.",{"type":126,"children":587},[588],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":590},[591],{"text":592,"type":130},"The advantages of outpatient surgery",{"type":126,"children":594},[595],{"text":596,"type":130},"Opting for open suture in outpatient surgery has several advantages:",{"type":126,"children":598},[599],{"text":305,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":601},[602],{"text":603,"type":130},"Comfort: Returning home quickly promotes recovery in a familiar, often more relaxing environment.",{"type":126,"children":605},[606],{"text":607,"type":130},"Recovery after surgery",{"type":126,"children":609},[610],{"text":611,"type":130},"Rehabilitation is an essential step in the healing process after an Achilles tendon rupture. Immobilization for around six weeks is often necessary, followed by rehabilitation sessions to regain the strength and flexibility of the tendon and surrounding muscles.",{"type":126,"children":613},[614],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":616},[617],{"text":618,"type":130},"The first weeks require particular caution, as any premature stress on the tendon can lead to a new rupture. Resumption of sporting activities is generally possible after 4 to 6 months, depending on the progress of the healing.",{"type":126,"children":620},[621],{"text":180,"type":130},{"type":126,"children":623},[624],{"text":625,"type":130},"Possible risks and complications",{"type":126,"children":627},[628],{"text":629,"type":130},"Like any surgical procedure, open suturing presents certain risks, although they are rare. 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